Even with the contemporary to training and the diet, it would be today difficult to find the sufficiency of selected athletes for the actuating of Ancient Greek fleet from the rowing warships - Athenian screening machine.
At such conclusion arrived doctor Garry rossiter, trainer- physiologist from The lidsskeyeo university (Great Britain), as a result of a study, which he published in periodical New Scientist.
In this experience Of rossiter was measured the intensity of exchange of substances in contemporary athletes with rowing in the rekonstruirovannoy Athenian screening machine, he writes Epoch Times. The metabolism of athletes they measured by the portable analyzers of metabolism, and the energy consumption of the selective number of athletes, who set to screening machine into the motion, it was noted for a number of different speeds in order to estimate the productivity of the human engine of this warship.
Rossiter compared obtained information with the classical texts and arrived at the conclusion that the ancient Athenian rowers would be considered as the elite athletes even according to today's sport standards.
Athenian screening machines - the ancient warships long 37 it is meter, which were set in motion by rowers, located into three tiers. According to Rossitera, the ancient Athenians at any time had at their disposal to 200 a screening machine, for each of whom was required 170 rowers.
Thus, in the ancient Athenians was the large group of the rowers, who could compose worthy competition to the best today's athletes. The information Of rossitera, are similar, they indicate that these ancient rowers were genetically better those fitted out to the endurance tests, than contemporary people.
Rossiter worked together with one additional expert, professor Boris rankov from the London university, at interpretation in the classical texts of the details of that, by how hardy there were ancient rowers. In one of the examples, in the texts the Athenian meeting, which sent to screening machine, was mentioned, in order to arrange slaughter to the inhabitants Of mitileny city, which mutinied on Lesbos island, that in the eastern part of the Aegean sea. Meeting thought over and sent other to screening machine in order to stop slaughter house. According to records, the second of screening machine had to travel way during 24 hour.
Because of of this type to historical records, Rossiter could approximately calculate average stable speeds screening machine. On the basis of the data about metabolism and energy consumption in rowers in that recreated screening machine, it drew the conclusion that, if the historical evidences were accurate, then it would be today difficult to find the sufficiency of athletes, who would be sufficiently trained in order to set in motion such warships.
Screening machines in their time became significant breakthrough in the sea battles, after allowing Athenians to rule at sea. Athenian of screening machine, besides 170 rowers, included 20 members of the crew, 10 seamen and captain. Rowers sat on three tiers from each side - on 31 in the upper, 27 on the average and 27 in the lower tiers. Construction and quantity of rowers made possible for screening machines to be sufficiently rapid and maneuverability in order to ram and to make a hole others of vessel, which became new tactics in the battles at sea.
Thursday, February 22, 2007
Thursday, February 15, 2007
Small coin opened truth about Cleopatra
Cleopatra was entirely not the most great beauty, as legends assure, yes even Antonius pisanym krasavtsem also hardly they would name.
A study of ancient silver coin, whose age counts more than 2.000 years, shows that the Egyptian tsarina, whose means personified in the cinema that not compared Elisabeth Taylor, in reality had sharp chin, thin lips and sharply outlined nose.
In its Roman beloved (in the film, if you remember, it it plays Richard Burton) were convex eyes, thick neck and nose hook.
Small coins were studied by experts from the university of Newcastle. From one side to them is coined the profile of general the stamp of Antonius, on another - Cleopatra. The size of coin does not exceed the contemporary British of fivees-pennyvetch. The artifact, dated by 32 years B.C., find in the collection, which belongs to the antiquarian society of Newcastle.
The director of the archaelogical museum of university, Lindsi Of ellason - Jones notes: "means on the coin are distant from Elisabeth Taylor and Richard Barton. Roman writers reported, that Cleopatra was clever and to charming, that had the enticing voice, but in this case not one of the contemporaries nothing he speaks about its beauty. The means of Cleopatra as excellent temptress - this is the fantasy much of the later authors ".
A study of ancient silver coin, whose age counts more than 2.000 years, shows that the Egyptian tsarina, whose means personified in the cinema that not compared Elisabeth Taylor, in reality had sharp chin, thin lips and sharply outlined nose.
In its Roman beloved (in the film, if you remember, it it plays Richard Burton) were convex eyes, thick neck and nose hook.
Small coins were studied by experts from the university of Newcastle. From one side to them is coined the profile of general the stamp of Antonius, on another - Cleopatra. The size of coin does not exceed the contemporary British of fivees-pennyvetch. The artifact, dated by 32 years B.C., find in the collection, which belongs to the antiquarian society of Newcastle.
The director of the archaelogical museum of university, Lindsi Of ellason - Jones notes: "means on the coin are distant from Elisabeth Taylor and Richard Barton. Roman writers reported, that Cleopatra was clever and to charming, that had the enticing voice, but in this case not one of the contemporaries nothing he speaks about its beauty. The means of Cleopatra as excellent temptress - this is the fantasy much of the later authors ".
Squirrel "stopped" the aircraft
The aircraft of company American Airlines, which flew from Tokyo, made the unplanned landing to Honolulu after pilots heard the strange sound of above their cab. Then it was explained that the ticketless squirrel emitted sounds.
The voyage of Tokyo - Dallas it was necessary to plant, since the pilots feared, that animal can pogryzt' installation or create other problems, stated the representative of avikompanii to the correspondent of newspaper Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
After the aircraft landed, all of 202 passengers were arranged into the hotel numbers, and then their tickets were perebronirovany to other voyages.
Where and as protein it fell onboard the aircraft, it is unclear, until now. However, fearing, that it, possibly, is infected by fury, authorities killed rodent.
The voyage of Tokyo - Dallas it was necessary to plant, since the pilots feared, that animal can pogryzt' installation or create other problems, stated the representative of avikompanii to the correspondent of newspaper Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
After the aircraft landed, all of 202 passengers were arranged into the hotel numbers, and then their tickets were perebronirovany to other voyages.
Where and as protein it fell onboard the aircraft, it is unclear, until now. However, fearing, that it, possibly, is infected by fury, authorities killed rodent.
Chimpanzees refuted Engels's theory
The stones, found on the West of Africa, at first glance were differed in no way from usual, and only radio carbon analysis showed that the discussion deals with the scientific sensation. It occurs, chimpanzee possessed the habits, which, until now were considered exclusively the privilege of man. This refutes the famous theory, which they presented to Soviet schoolboys as truth in the last instance.
The Stone Age - one of the most prolonged epochs in the history of humanity. This was the bloom of primitive communal system. Stone was used for preparing different instruments, be it knife or axe.
Undoubtedly, the implements of labor and weapon from the tree were also disseminated, but they were not preserved to the present. Therefore into the hands of archaeologists fall only the roughly polished pieces of silicon, rock plates and other objects of the daily custom of ancient person.
However, rock instruments, as now it is explained, used not only people. Scientists assume that the stone- hammers, found on the West of Africa, belonged to chimpanzee, since on their form they most be suitable for the large hand of this monkey.
Now experts break head, as generally in chimpanzee appeared this habit. Two versions are proposed - either this special feature was inherited from the general with the man, now died out ancestor or it developed in monkeys in the process of evolution parallel with the man.
Paleonthologist Julio merkader and its associates made their discovery in the territory of republic tomcat -d'Ivuar in the earliest prehistoric "settling" of chimpanzee.
The stones obtained there, are at first glance, they are remarkable in no way, and after thoroughly study it became clear that 4 300 years ago them used prehistoric chimpanzees.
Apparently, monkeys used them in order to split nuts. To this conclusion the researchers came after the comparison of finding with the rock tools of ancient person and the instruments of contemporary chimpanzees. This version confirms the fact that in the cracks of rock hammers grains of starch are discovered.
"the rock culture of chimpanzee has long prehistory and deep roots, which only begin to be opened. The age of rock tools was determined because of the radio carbon analysis ", write researchers in their article, published into Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Thus, the driven into into head of Soviet schoolboys assumption of Engels about the fact that the labor made from the monkey of man, sequential time is disproved. It is complicated to answer a question, that generally it follows to consider labor. The obtaining of food with the use of different tools is inherent not only in mammals, but even birds. But some humourists completely declare, that not the labor made from the monkey of man, but precisely the opposite - idleness it made from the man a monkey.
The Stone Age - one of the most prolonged epochs in the history of humanity. This was the bloom of primitive communal system. Stone was used for preparing different instruments, be it knife or axe.
Undoubtedly, the implements of labor and weapon from the tree were also disseminated, but they were not preserved to the present. Therefore into the hands of archaeologists fall only the roughly polished pieces of silicon, rock plates and other objects of the daily custom of ancient person.
However, rock instruments, as now it is explained, used not only people. Scientists assume that the stone- hammers, found on the West of Africa, belonged to chimpanzee, since on their form they most be suitable for the large hand of this monkey.
Now experts break head, as generally in chimpanzee appeared this habit. Two versions are proposed - either this special feature was inherited from the general with the man, now died out ancestor or it developed in monkeys in the process of evolution parallel with the man.
Paleonthologist Julio merkader and its associates made their discovery in the territory of republic tomcat -d'Ivuar in the earliest prehistoric "settling" of chimpanzee.
The stones obtained there, are at first glance, they are remarkable in no way, and after thoroughly study it became clear that 4 300 years ago them used prehistoric chimpanzees.
Apparently, monkeys used them in order to split nuts. To this conclusion the researchers came after the comparison of finding with the rock tools of ancient person and the instruments of contemporary chimpanzees. This version confirms the fact that in the cracks of rock hammers grains of starch are discovered.
"the rock culture of chimpanzee has long prehistory and deep roots, which only begin to be opened. The age of rock tools was determined because of the radio carbon analysis ", write researchers in their article, published into Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Thus, the driven into into head of Soviet schoolboys assumption of Engels about the fact that the labor made from the monkey of man, sequential time is disproved. It is complicated to answer a question, that generally it follows to consider labor. The obtaining of food with the use of different tools is inherent not only in mammals, but even birds. But some humourists completely declare, that not the labor made from the monkey of man, but precisely the opposite - idleness it made from the man a monkey.