Ancient Greeks were stronger than today's athletes

Even with the contemporary to training and the diet, it would be today difficult to find the sufficiency of selected athletes for the actuating of Ancient Greek fleet from the rowing warships - Athenian screening machine.

At such conclusion arrived doctor Garry rossiter, trainer- physiologist from The lidsskeyeo university (Great Britain), as a result of a study, which he published in periodical New Scientist.

In this experience Of rossiter was measured the intensity of exchange of substances in contemporary athletes with rowing in the rekonstruirovannoy Athenian screening machine, he writes Epoch Times. The metabolism of athletes they measured by the portable analyzers of metabolism, and the energy consumption of the selective number of athletes, who set to screening machine into the motion, it was noted for a number of different speeds in order to estimate the productivity of the human engine of this warship.

Rossiter compared obtained information with the classical texts and arrived at the conclusion that the ancient Athenian rowers would be considered as the elite athletes even according to today's sport standards.

Athenian screening machines - the ancient warships long 37 it is meter, which were set in motion by rowers, located into three tiers. According to Rossitera, the ancient Athenians at any time had at their disposal to 200 a screening machine, for each of whom was required 170 rowers.

Thus, in the ancient Athenians was the large group of the rowers, who could compose worthy competition to the best today's athletes. The information Of rossitera, are similar, they indicate that these ancient rowers were genetically better those fitted out to the endurance tests, than contemporary people.

Rossiter worked together with one additional expert, professor Boris rankov from the London university, at interpretation in the classical texts of the details of that, by how hardy there were ancient rowers. In one of the examples, in the texts the Athenian meeting, which sent to screening machine, was mentioned, in order to arrange slaughter to the inhabitants Of mitileny city, which mutinied on Lesbos island, that in the eastern part of the Aegean sea. Meeting thought over and sent other to screening machine in order to stop slaughter house. According to records, the second of screening machine had to travel way during 24 hour.

Because of of this type to historical records, Rossiter could approximately calculate average stable speeds screening machine. On the basis of the data about metabolism and energy consumption in rowers in that recreated screening machine, it drew the conclusion that, if the historical evidences were accurate, then it would be today difficult to find the sufficiency of athletes, who would be sufficiently trained in order to set in motion such warships.


Screening machines in their time became significant breakthrough in the sea battles, after allowing Athenians to rule at sea. Athenian of screening machine, besides 170 rowers, included 20 members of the crew, 10 seamen and captain. Rowers sat on three tiers from each side - on 31 in the upper, 27 on the average and 27 in the lower tiers. Construction and quantity of rowers made possible for screening machines to be sufficiently rapid and maneuverability in order to ram and to make a hole others of vessel, which became new tactics in the battles at sea.

Small coin opened truth about Cleopatra

Cleopatra was entirely not the most great beauty, as legends assure, yes even Antonius pisanym krasavtsem also hardly they would name.

A study of ancient silver coin, whose age counts more than 2.000 years, shows that the Egyptian tsarina, whose means personified in the cinema that not compared Elisabeth Taylor, in reality had sharp chin, thin lips and sharply outlined nose.

In its Roman beloved (in the film, if you remember, it it plays Richard Burton) were convex eyes, thick neck and nose hook.

Small coins were studied by experts from the university of Newcastle. From one side to them is coined the profile of general the stamp of Antonius, on another - Cleopatra. The size of coin does not exceed the contemporary British of fivees-pennyvetch. The artifact, dated by 32 years B.C., find in the collection, which belongs to the antiquarian society of Newcastle.

The director of the archaelogical museum of university, Lindsi Of ellason - Jones notes: "means on the coin are distant from Elisabeth Taylor and Richard Barton. Roman writers reported, that Cleopatra was clever and to charming, that had the enticing voice, but in this case not one of the contemporaries nothing he speaks about its beauty. The means of Cleopatra as excellent temptress - this is the fantasy much of the later authors ".

British invention will show the world the other Hitler

The new technology of the interpretation of phrases on the motion of lips will present the others of the dictator of the third Reich Adolf Hitler to peace.

The invention of expert in the region of the recognition of the speech Of frenka Of khabnera the received name ALR, makes it possible with the aid of the computer to convert the motion of lips into the sound.

Scientists used new technology for the interpretation of the silent films from the domestic archive of Hitler, which were removed Eva Brown.

In the domestic records the dictator criticizes his those approximated for the servility, and he flirts Brown. It appears by good-natured person, who loves children, and by the large judge of skill.

Among the guests it unconstrainedly jokes and tells about its love for the cinema. It is necessary to say that Hitlers tastes were not limited to the ring of Nibelungen, it with the pleasure looked the films of Chaplin and cartoons about Mikki Of mausa. In one of the domestic scenes, he speaks Brown: I know, the film, which we looked yesterday in the evening, was not pleased to you. You would prefer those taken away by wind .

In another film the Fuehrer, flirting Brown, throws the phrase: why you do remove old man? This I must remove you .

Last personnel of the life of great dictator became most interesting for the researchers. Toward the end of the war Hitler is not troubled to criticize his those approximated. He extremely disparagingly spoke out about studies of Himmler about the appearance of Arian race, and he condemned Hering. I looked on them through the dinner table, and he understood: everyone that about them speaks - correctly. Pigs devour each other , he says on one of the films.

Ekaterina aragonskoy's entreaties will leave from the hammer

The letter to Ekaterina aragonskoy with the entreaty about the aid to preserve its marriage with the king Heinrich BY THE VIII will be advanced on auction Sotheby`.s, which will take place on 11 December in New York.

This letter - only part of the uncommon collection, where enter 31 objects. The name of collector, who wished to part with its treasures, is not called.

At the same auction is proposed to sale the document, written by Michelangelo buonarroti's hand, in whom the artist writes about some of important church commission in Rome. But also, according to the auctioneers, it will be possible to acquire document- autographs and things, which belonged to Beethoven, Chopin, Napoleon and Stalin.

Ekaterina, the first of six wives of king Heinrich OF THE VIII, it wrote to its nephew, to the emperor of the Roman Empire Charles V it requested him to use their influence in order to convince the Pope Klementa OF THE VII not to give to British monarch to cancel their marriage. Letter is dated on 8 February, 1534.

Clement OF THE VII heard the entreaties of queen and did not want to cancel bark, then Heinrich forewent BY THE VIII the Papal authority, but this, as we remember on the history, it led to the creation of Anglican Church.

Unique letter propalo out of sight since it was purchased for 38.000 dollars on one of the auctions of 1987. Now the starting price of document is 100.000 dollars, but auctioneers consider that they sell it still more expensive.

Ancient Egyptians respected the dentists

Pilferers led Egyptian archaelogical command to the burial of three dentists pharaoh's, which was discovered in the territory of the complex of the pyramids Of sakkara to the south of Cairo. This finding proves, that the ancient Egyptians worried about their teeth.

"it seems, for the first time, it was explained that the ancient Egyptians constructed tombs for the dentists", stated the leader of council for the ancient monuments of the culture Of zakhi Of khavass.

On the door of tomb are drawn two hieroglyphs - eye and canine tooth - the symbols, which designate dentists.

Pilferers carried out their "excavations" in the archaelogical section, until not are arrested two months ago. However, scientists must be grateful to the plunderers of tombs. They, probably, did not note curse on the door aperture, which leads to the grave of chief dentist - hieroglyphs of crocodile and snake.

Archaeologists consider that are discovered only 30 percent of burials, hidden under the sands of Egyptian desert. They believe that in the section of their Sakkary expect other surprising discoveries.

The pyramids Of sakkara are located approximately in 20 kilometers to the south of Cairo and are one of the most popular tourist places of Egypt. "guests pharaoh's" arrive here in order to look around temples, graves and funeral complexes.

One additional secret of the other world life is revealed

the "godly comedy" of antiquity can prove to be the ancient text, to decipher which it was possible for the international command of researchers. More than forty years after finding of unique document the scientists could read the creation of the unknown Ancient Greek author, who reflected about the the other world peace.

The papyrus Of derveni - this name obtained the roll, discovered in 1962 during the excavations in North Greece near Solonikov. Finding was made with a study of tomb of one of the aristocrats, which lived and dead in the times of the bloom of hellenic civilization. The authors of discovery dated the document of approximately 340 g. B.C., i.e., with the time of the administration of Philipp THE II Macedonian, the father of Alexander the Great. However, there is the opinion that the artifact can be considerably older. Thus, contemporary Greek philosopher apostolos Piyerris are confident: treatise was written even in V v. to Christmas of Christ's.

To determine precise date is impossible. The fact is that the roll was found damaged, or more precisely, sgorevshim or burnt together with its dead owner, in whose grave it lay almost 2,5 thousand years. In other words, in 1962 was found the incinerated papyrus, which was preserved in the form of roll. At that time to read which is written on it, not there was possibility. "paper is absolutely black, by the unarmed view cannot be even determined, there is on it record or there are not", it tells Polikseni Of veleni, the director of the archaelogical museum Of solonikov.

But the manuscripts, as is known, do not burn, and today, when at the disposal of science are located highly technological methods of interpretation and the contemporary scanning equipment, the secret of ancient text it was opened. That was possible to read in the charred roll, with the interest justified forces and time, spent on a study. The creation of the ancient author proved to be its kind the "godly comedy" of the antiquity: Ancient Greek writer, who lived in one-and-a-half thousand years to Dante, carries out the reader on Aida - to the other world peace, in which believed the inhabitants of ancient Ellady. But if the hero of "godly comedy" it accompanies Vergiliy, then the author of the papyrus Of derveni in his searches uses the services of Orpheus, who studied well reign Aida, after going down there in order to save its beloved Euridice.

The complete text of roll is not thus far promulgated, since to its final interpretation the time is necessary. But, probably, already entirely soon to the most important sources, which tell us about the world view of hellenes, will be added one more.

Evidence of existence of the knights of the round table are found

The ruins of building, found on the territory Of vindzorskogo lock, can be connected with the legend about king Artur and knights of round table.

In the rounded construction, built by edward III in THE XIV century, as it is assumed, was located is the round table, at which were gathered 300 authentic Knights of the Garter.

The archaelogical ruins of the building with a diameter of 61 m were discovered in the court of lock by the journalists of the British television channel Channel 4. The walls of building were not preserved, but, where they once stood, still lie cobblestones.

One of the journalists Tony Robinson said that he greatly awaited this finding in order finally to resolve the long-standing dispute between the historians. the "building of round table - one of our most significant archaelogical findings", said Robinson. - "this the very thing which will help to confirm legends about king Artur and knights of round table".

"we approached the excavations of the walls of building, and they proved to be exactly, where we hoped to find them. Scientists made assumptions about this building for the elongation it was age-long, but they could not find authentic building ".

But the building of round table - only one of the numerous findings, made since the commands of archaeologists obtained unprecedented access to three royal residences: To bekingemskomu palace, To vindzorskomu lock and to the palace Of kholirudkhaus in Edinburgh, reports The Epoch Times.

In the course of four-day excavations the graphic artists traced and drawings, as could appear building in the past, while the archaeologists energetically dealt with excavations on the royal earth, using the most diverse tools - from the excavators to the toothbrushes.

Command used the most contemporary technologies of excavations, which include geo-radar and aerial photography for locating of the building of round table.

In Bekingemskogo palace the command found diverse objects from the dorimskogo silicon to the part of the necklace of Victorian epoch.

Also they found ceramic beer to circle, dated approximately by 1700- m by year, which, possibly, was lost by the workers of that time.

Among other objects the smoking tube of the middle OF THE XVII century, on which there was the inscription, which contains "Brown's words" and "Westminster".

In the residence Of kholirudkhaus were discovered similar objects. Moreover, specialists also found the foundation of the fact that they consider the monastery OF THE XII century.

Excavations began after many-month negotiations and many refusals of the high ranking advisers from The bekingemskogo palace. In spite of fears about the fact that the ideally ukhozhennye royal lawns will be damaged by archaeologists, royal family gave its agreement to conducting of excavations, obviously, after to Tony Robinson it was possible to discuss this directly with the queen during the recent method. But prince Charles, who manages some knowledge in archaeology, as they assert, greatly it interested itself in the technical sides of excavations.

Scientists restored the ancient manuscript on Sanskrit

Scientists restored the 700- summer manuscript of Indian philosopher, written on palm-tree leaves, using contemporary technologies of image processing.

The group of researchers headed by the professors Mukundoy and Roger Istonom from Rochester technological university to THE USA knew how to preserve in the digital form original text, assigned to the Indian philosopher Xiii-xiv century Madvachar'i. Meeting of 36 works - these are the commentaries, written on Sanskrit, which contain philosophical reflections about the sense of life and role of god.

Text in many places ster as a result of the noncorresponding methods of storage and inappropriate processing. Restorers used a survey in the visible and infrared s-band different light filters and the specially developed program for restoring badly damaged it was text.

Mukunda began to work at this project, when its spiritual teacher of India convinced him to find the solution as to preserve ancient text. This became personal purpose for the scientist, whom it studies and teaches Hindu philosophy and understands the importance of the retention of document for the future generations. Mukunda was turned to professor Roger To istonu, which worked at the rolls of dead sea and in that moment was restored the palimpsest of Archimedes.

The work of scientists from Rochester is major step in a matter of the retention of the manuscripts on palm-tree leaves and other similar materials, which in the set are located in the khramovykh meetings in India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Shri Of lanki. Many of those recorded thus it is text not are only they are translated not into one European language, but even they are unknown to science. Because of the storage under inappropriate conditions of thousands of priceless manuscripts forever they perish. The developed technology gives hope for their restoration.

Archaeologists found the smile OF THE XVIII century

In the honor of the world day of smile were for the first time advanced on the universal review the French dental prostheses, whose age comprises more than 200 years.

The artificial teeth XVIII- oho of the centuries, which bore archbishop narbonna, who passed away himself in 1806, were found in to its coffin during the archaelogical works in London.



Scientists carried out excavations on the cemetery of Saint -Pankras before beginning the construction work of the new terminal of train, which plies in the tunnel under the la -Manwem, reports British Times.

The china dental prostheses, which were discovered in the mouth of Artur Richard Dillon, they were advanced in the exposure of British museum.

They assume that it, probably, purchased prostheses with the gold springs in the main Parisian dentist of that time Nicolas de sheman.

Dillon, in 1763 become arkhiyepiskopomom Of narbonna, during the French revolution avoided guillotine and in 1791 ran into England.

The archaeologist of London museum Natasha Powers notes: "this unique artifact reflects one of the turning points in the history of stomatology, when new materials and methods of preparing the prostheses was adopted. This there was also the period of essential social and economic changes in the upper echelons of French society ".

It is proven: Nazis made soap from the people

Polish scientists carried out the first official analysis of soap, which as they assume, fascists made from the adipose tissues of their victims, destroyed in the torture chambers of concentration camps. Otritsateli of the Holocaust always asserted that such charges are "fruit of sick imagination"; however, a new study to called change their opinion.

Scientists from the agricultural institute of Warsaw analyzed the piece of the soap, created by Nazi professors. Fascists used the cleaning agent in order to wash clean laboratories, after in them were performed an experiment on the people as they explained Poles, into the composition of soap really it enters human fats.

According to the press- secretary of Warsaw VUZ - Institute of Higher Education, the pieces of soap, used in a study, were material evidence in the course of Nuremberg process against the leaders of Nazis. However, in connection with the fact that the charge not had the technological possibilities, which to eat now, this crime of fascists against humanity then could not prove.

The representatives of museum the memory of the victims of the Holocaust "poison your" issued a call Polish scientists to send into Jerusalem the models of the investigated soap - so that the Israeli scientists could carry out their independent analysis.

Ancient Mongolians constructed yourtas from the brick

The archaeologists of joint Mongolian- Chinese expedition revealed the unique objects of uigur period. More than two and one-half of months specialists worked in the territory of somona Of khotont of Arxanga1- Aimak.

According to the director of national museum the history of Mongolia Ayuudagiyn Of ochira, during the excavations on the five-meter depth was found brick yourta with diameter 4 to 4 meters and tomb.

Are discovered also the splinters of the earthenware. According to the evidence of historians, in 10 kilometers from fall Uvur, where excavations were conducted, the ancient capital of Uigurs was located.

On the basis of this, the scientists consider that the discovered tomb, possibly, served as the sacral object of offerings.

From the brick yourta to the tomb leads the underground motion, where are discovered the ritual objects, which belonged to the elite class of that period.

Archaelogical excavations continue, findings are sent for a study in the laboratory.

The ancestors of nessi are discovered In Norway

Norwegian scientists discovered in ices of the Arctic those hardened the remains reptiles that lived in the prehistoric times.

As assert scientists found remains belong to two types of animals - plesiosauri and to ichthyosauruses.

This is two largest marine predators of that epoch. Ichthyosauruses resembled by the structure of contemporary dolphins, and plesiosauri most correspond to the extended description of oleaster -Nesskogo, monster with the small head and the long neck on the imposing body.

As it has been reported by the head of the group of Norwegian archaeologists, excavations on the islands of the archipelago of sval'bard were unique. "On every 100 meters compulsorily it is located petrified skeleton, or other evidence of the life of ancient world", stated the head of expedition doctor Kherum, who named The sval'bard islands "bonanza".