New scenario of the development of living organisms on the Earth

The number of scientists from the Massachusetts technological university headed by Khaymanom by Hartmann they proposed the new scenario of the appearance of living organisms on the Earth. In the opinion of specialists, the appearance of the diverse forms of vegetation, capable of photosynthesis, became possible because of the layer of ice, which covered the earths surface of 2,3 billion years ago.

The subsequent melting of the glaciers freed the large masses of strong oxidants into the waters of world ocean and the atmosphere of planet, after marking the beginning of chain of events, that made possible the appearance of organisms, capable of living under the conditions of the saturated by oxygen atmosphere, and photosynthesis in its present form.

The evolution of oxygen photosynthesis for a long time was riddle for the scientists. The primitive microorganisms, which existed in the medium with the absence of oxygen, also manufactured energy with the aid of photosynthesis; however, oxygen for them was disastrous. Hartmann with the associates they came to the conclusion that hydrogen peroxide, which was obtained as a result of the action of solar rays on the molecules of water, played the significant role in the adaptation of organisms to the oxygen conditions. Ultraviolet rays penetrated through the thickness of ice, in which hydrogen peroxide existed in small quantities prior to the beginning of melting of the glaciers.

It is remarkable, what hydrogen peroxide was discovered by scientists on the satellite of Jupiter - Europe, which, as the Earth many years ago, is at present covered with the layer of ice.

Melting led to the gradual liberation of the accumulated volumes of hydrogen peroxide into the ocean and into the atmosphere. Oxidants were dissolved in the water, which helped to survive the primitive organisms, which then in the course of evolution acquired the ability to manufacture the ferments, which saved from the action of oxidants. Because of the presence of data of ferments became possible oxygen photosynthesis, which is considerably more effective than the anaerobic.

This theory has enemies. In particular, By the dzhim Of kasting from the university of the state of Pennsylvania, specialist for the evolution of the earths atmosphere, notes that the sterols, which be present in the stones, whose age is about 2,7 billion years, could appear only in the oxygen medium. If the version Of kastinga is accurate, then these stones appeared to 400 million years of earlier than icing the Earth, and Hartmanns theory was unfounded, reports New Scientist.